Oaxaca Penal Code Reform - Chapter X 'Artificial Intelligence' (4-8 years)
Oaxaca State Congress (Multiparty) · Oaxaca State Congress · December 4, 2025 · approved
Historic reform to the Código Penal de Oaxaca (Oaxaca Penal Code) approved by the LXVI Legislature on December 2, 2025. Oaxaca becomes one of the first Mexican states to add a specific chapter on AI (Chapter X 'Artificial Intelligence') within Title Four 'Complementary Punishments'. Creates Article 72 Bis establishing enhanced penalties when AI is used as a means to commit any crime defined in the code. Amends paragraph four of Article 249 (Crimes Against Sexual Privacy) to penalize anyone who uses AI to create or distribute manipulated intimate content without consent through deepfakes, images, false audio or video. Penalties: 4 to 8 years imprisonment plus fines of 1,000 to 2,000 UMA (Monthly Adjustment Units—approximately 115,000 to 230,000 pesos). Ex officio prosecution (persecución de oficio). Penalizes exposure, distribution, exhibition, reproduction, transmission, commercialization or exchange by any technological means. Approved with 31 votes in ordinary session. Represents a pioneering structural approach by creating a chapter dedicated exclusively to AI in Mexican state penal code.
Topics
- security
- deepfakes
- gender-based violence
Sources
Record from the Observatorio IA México press archive. Summary based on official source.